Mild hypothermia in neurologic emergency: An update

Induced hypothermia to treat various neurologic emergencies, which had initially been introduced into clinical practice in the 1940s and 1950s, had become obsolete by the 1980s. In the early 1990s, however, it made a comeback in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury. The success of mild hypothermia led to the broadening of its application to many other neurologic emergencies. We sought to summarize recent developments in mild hypothermia, as well as its therapeutic potential and limitations. Mild hypothermia has been applied with varying degrees of success in many neurologic emergencies, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest, hepatic encephalopathy, perinatal asphyxia (hypoxic-anoxic encephalopathy), and infantile viral encephalopathy. At present, the efficacy and safety of mild hypothermia remain unproved. Although the preliminary clinical studies have shown that mild hypothermia can be a feasible and relatively safe treatment, multicenter randomized, controlled trials are warranted to define the indications for induced hypothermia in an evidence-based fashion.