Latex sensitization in dental students using powder-free gloves low in latex protein: a cross-sectional study

In Germany, employers must provide low-protein, powder-free gloves. This study was carried out to determine the current prevalence of latex sensitization in dental students using these gloves and to compare our results with a study of the same design dating from 1990/1991 at our university. A cross-sectional study was performed by questionnaire, prick testing and determination of specific IgE antibodies. 226 of 403 dental students underwent prick testing with a panel of 8 aero-allergens, I commercially available latex extract and 5 high-ammonia accelerator-free latex fluids. 39 of 226 dental students (17.3%) had a positive prick test response to at least I of the 6 latex substances tested. The prick test positivity was similar in preclinical education (semester 1-6) and in clinical education (semester 7-10), at 17.1% and 17.4%, respectively. In 9 of 32 persons with positive prick tests, specific IgE antibodies to latex could be detected. Within the past 10 years, prick test positivity increased from 8.7% to 17.3%. 14 students (6.2%) reported a history of glove intolerance, 3 of them (1.3%) showing a positive prick test to latex. By the use of low-protein, powder-free gloves less students with glove intolerance were observed. The observed reactions to between 1 and 3 of 6 latex substances tested may indicate a decrease in intensity and spectrum of sensitization. Additionally non-occupational sensitization may be of importance.