Journal
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
Volume 119, Issue 2, Pages 424-432Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x
Keywords
CD14; cutaneous infection; human keratinocytes; innate immunity; lipopolysaccharide; toll-like receptor 4
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Funding
- NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY 09218] Funding Source: Medline
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CD14 and the toll-like receptor 4 have been known to play an important role in lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular responses in bacterial infections. Although CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 expression has been demonstrated in a number of myeloid cells, much less is known about the expression and function of these lipopolysaccharide receptors on nonleukocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that human keratinocytes are capable of expressing functional CD14 and toll-like receptor 4. Keratinocytes were found to constitutively express CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 mRNA that was augmented by exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Cell surface expression of keratinocyte CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 was detected by flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide binding to keratinocyte CD14 and toll-like receptor 4 resulted in a rapid intracellular Ca2+ response, nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These results have important implications for our understanding of cutaneous innate immunity to bacterial infections of the skin.
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