Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
Volume 763, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/763/1/L7
Keywords
dark ages, reionization, first stars; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: stellar content
Categories
Funding
- Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-GO-12498.01-A]
- European Research Council
- Royal Society
- Leverhulme Trust
- NASA through the Space Telescope Science Institute via the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. [NAS5-26555]
- STFC [ST/G007039/1, ST/J001422/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J001422/1, ST/G007039/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24840010] Funding Source: KAKEN
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We present the results of the deepest search to date for star-forming galaxies beyond a redshift z similar or equal to 8.5 utilizing a new sequence of near-infrared Wide-Field Camera 3 (WFC3/IR) images of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF). This UDF12 campaign completed in 2012 September doubles the earlier exposures with WFC3/IR in this field and quadruples the exposure in the key F105W filter used to locate such distant galaxies. Combined with additional imaging in the F140W filter, the fidelity of high-redshift candidates is greatly improved. Using spectral energy distribution fitting techniques on objects selected from a deep multi-band near-infrared stack, we find seven promising z > 8.5 candidates. As none of the previously claimed UDF candidates with 8.5 < z < 10 are confirmed by our deeper multi-band imaging, our campaign has transformed the measured abundance of galaxies in this redshift range. Although we recover the candidate UDFj-39546284 (previously proposed at z = 10.3), it is undetected in the newly added F140W image, implying that it lies at z = 11.9 or is an intense emission line galaxy at z similar or equal to 2.4. Although no physically plausible model can explain the required line intensity given the lack of Ly alpha or broadband UV signal, without an infrared spectrum we cannot rule out an exotic interloper. Regardless, our robust z similar or equal to 8.5-10 sample demonstrates a luminosity density that continues the smooth decline observed over 6 < z < 8. Such continuity has important implications for models of cosmic reionization and future searches for z > 10 galaxies with James Webb Space Telescope.
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