Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
Volume 713, Issue 1, Pages L50-L54Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/713/1/L50
Keywords
ISM: abundances; ISM: clouds; ISM: individual objects (G28.34+0.06); stars: formation
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Funding
- National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 97-2112-M-001-006-MY2, NSC 97-2112-M-007-006-MY3]
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We have observed the J = 3 - 2 transition of N2H+ and N2D+ to investigate the trend of deuterium fractionation with evolutionary stage in three selected regions in the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G28.34+0.06 with the Submillimeter Telescope and the Submillimeter Array. A comprehensible enhancement of roughly 3 orders of magnitude in deuterium fractionation over the local interstellar D/H ratio is observed in all sources. In particular, our sample of massive star-forming cores in G28.34+0.06 shows a moderate decreasing trend over a factor of 3 in the N(N2D+)/N(N2H+) ratio with evolutionary stage, a behavior resembling that previously found in low-mass protostellar cores. This suggests a possible extension for the use of the N(N2D+)/N(N2H+) ratio as an evolutionary tracer to high-mass protostellar candidates. In the most evolved core, MM1, the N2H+ (3 - 2) emission appears to avoid the warm region traced by dust continuum emission and emission of (CO)-C-13 sublimated from grain mantles, indicating an instant release of gas-phase CO. The majority of the N2H+ and N2D+ emission is associated with extended structures larger than 8 '' (similar to 0.2 pc).
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