Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 296, Issue 4, Pages 833-839Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00941-5
Keywords
fertilization; sperm ion flux; intracellular pH; sperm-egg interaction; acrosome reaction; egg jelly; speract; polysialic acid; sea urchin; paleo-ocean
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [HD 12986] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [1P50 DK 57325] Funding Source: Medline
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Macromolecules surrounding eggs induce the acrosome reaction (AR) of spermatozoa. In sea urchins, three egg jelly (EJ) molecules: a fucose sulfate polymer (FSP), a sialoglycan (SG), and speract mediate ionic fluxes triggering the AR. SG and speract are noninductive without FSP. Speract's role in AR induction is controversial. Here we show that speract potentiates the FSP-induced AR at pH 7.0, similar to1 pH unit lower than natural seawater. At pH 7.0, a mixture of FSP, SG, and speract produces the intracellular pH increase necessary for maximum AR induction. Each EJ component may mediate a distinct intracellular pH control mechanism, and all three may function synergistically to increase the intracellular pH permitting AR induction. Speract peptides are an ancient family. Although important for activating cyclic nucleotide-mediated pathways in today's seawater of pH similar to 8, speract may have been more important in AR induction in the paleo-ocean of pH similar to 7. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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