An extension of Prandtl-Batchelor theory and consequences for chaotic advection

We extend the Prandtl-Batchelor theory of steady laminar motion at large Reynolds number to derive conditions that steady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows have to satisfy. We combine these results with ergodic theory to show that flows with strong Beltrami property (e.g., ABC flows) cannot be a paradigm for chaotic advection in inertia-dominated boundary-driven three-dimensional flows. Our results indicate that viscous forces are responsible for chaotic advection in steady, three-dimensional boundary-driven Navier-Stokes flows at large Reynolds numbers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.