Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 763, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/763/1/5
Keywords
binaries: eclipsing; binaries: symbiotic; circumstellar matter; stars: individual (SMC3); stars: winds, outflows; white dwarfs
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Funding
- US Department of Energy through the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]
- National Science Foundation through the Center for Particle Astrophysics of the University of California [AST-8809616]
- Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatory, part of the Australian National University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22540254, 24540227]
- Polish National Science Center [DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/06145]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24540227] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Some binary evolution scenarios for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) include long-period binaries that evolve to symbiotic supersoft X-ray sources in their late stage of evolution. However, symbiotic stars with steady hydrogen burning on the white dwarf's (WD) surface are very rare, and the X-ray characteristics are not well known. SMC3 is one such rare example and a key object for understanding the evolution of symbiotic stars to SNe Ia. SMC3 is an eclipsing symbiotic binary, consisting of a massive WD and red giant (RG), with an orbital period of 4.5 years in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The long-term V light curve variations are reproduced as orbital variations in the irradiated RG, whose atmosphere fills its Roche lobe, thus supporting the idea that the RG supplies matter to the WD at rates high enough to maintain steady hydrogen burning on the WD. We also present an eclipse model in which an X-ray-emitting region around the WD is almost totally occulted by the RG swelling over the Roche lobe on the trailing side, although it is always partly obscured by a long spiral tail of neutral hydrogen surrounding the binary in the orbital plane.
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