Journal
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 331-345Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1361-9209(02)00002-0
Keywords
environmental assessment; energy use; the Netherlands; transportation systems; multi-criteria analysis; LCA
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Environmental analyses of the impact of transportation systems on the environment from the cradle to the grave are rare. This article makes a comparison of various Dutch passenger transportation systems by studying their complete life-cycle energy use. Moreover, systems are compared according to their use of space, costs and travel time. Although the results indicate that no one transportation system out performs others in all of the characteristics, in a multi-criteria analysis of four aspects, the train and bicycle emerge as superior options. This holds regardless of the travel distance considered. Interestingly, the train and bicycle are complementary systems, that together operate within a comprehensive distance range. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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