Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 297, Issue 5587, Pages 1703-1706Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.1074276
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- NCI NIH HHS [CA 30488] Funding Source: Medline
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Cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to inhibit viral replication. To identify previously unknown antiviral activities, we screened mammalian complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries for genes that prevent infection by a genetically marked retrovirus. Virus-resistant cells were selected from pools of transduced clones, and an active antiviral cDNA was recovered. The gene encodes a CCCH-type zinc finger protein designated ZAP. Expression of the gene caused a profound and specific loss of viral messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from the cytoplasm without affecting the levels of nuclear mRNAs. The finding suggests the existence of a previously unknown machinery for the inhibition of virus replication, targeting a step in viral gene expression.
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