Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 731, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/83
Keywords
galaxies: individual (NGC 1068); galaxies: ISM; galaxies: Seyfert; ISM: molecules
Categories
Funding
- NASA [NAGS-11911, NAGS-12788]
- NSF [AST-0239270, AST-087990]
- Research Corporation Award [RI0928]
- Caltech Millikan fellowship
- JPL Director's fellowship
- NRAO
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [09J00969] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [838261] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We present a 190-307 GHz broadband spectrum obtained with Z-Spec of NGC 1068 with new measurements of molecular rotational transitions. After combining our measurementswith those previously published and considering the specific geometry of this Seyfert 2 galaxy, we conduct amulti-species Bayesian likelihood analysis of the density, temperature, and relative molecular abundances of HCN, HNC, CS, and HCO+. We find that these molecules trace warm (T > 100 K) gas of H-2 number densities 10(4.2)-10(4.9) cm(-3). Our models also place strong constraints on the column densities and relative abundances of these molecules, as well as on the total mass in the circumnuclear disk. Using the uniform calibration afforded by the broad Z-Spec bandpass, we compare our line ratios to X-ray-dominated region (XDR) and photon-dominated region models. The majority of our line ratios are consistent with the XDR models at the densities indicated by the likelihood analysis, lending substantial support to the emerging interpretation that the energetics in the circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068 are dominated by accretion onto an active galactic nucleus.
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