Energy level alignment at organic/metal interfaces: Dipole and ionization potential

We present a systematic study of the energy level alignment at the interfaces between gold and organic semiconductors. It is shown that there are at least two leading contributions to the potential drop (dipole) across the metal/organic interface: A modification of the metal work function due to the adsorption of the organic molecules and a potential change in the organic semiconductor. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.