4.7 Article

A LARGER ESTIMATE OF THE ENTROPY OF THE UNIVERSE

Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 710, Issue 2, Pages 1825-1834

Publisher

IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1825

Keywords

black hole physics; cosmology: miscellaneous; diffusion; elementary particles; gravitation; neutrinos

Funding

  1. Anna Fransson

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Using recent measurements of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function, we find that SMBHs are the largest contributor to the entropy of the observable universe, contributing at least an order of magnitude more entropy than previously estimated. The total entropy of the observable universe is correspondingly higher, and is S-obs = 3.1(-1.7)(+3.0) x 10(104) k. We calculate the entropy of the current cosmic event horizon to be S-CEH = 2.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(122) k, dwarfing the entropy of its interior, S-CEH (int) = 1.2(-0.7)(+1.1) x 10(103) k. We make the first tentative estimate of the entropy of weakly interacting massive particle dark matter within the observable universe, S-dm = 10(88 +/- 1) k. We highlight several caveats pertaining to these estimates and make recommendations for future work.

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