Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 703, Issue 1, Pages 169-178Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/169
Keywords
BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421); galaxies: active; gamma rays: observations; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; X-rays: galaxies
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- Smithsonian Institution
- NSERC in Canada
- Science Foundation Ireland
- STFC, U.K
- NASA [NNX06AB96G, NNX08AD76G, NNX08AX53G]
- ETH [TH 34/043]
- Polish MNiSzW [N N203 390834]
- Helmholtz Gemeinschaft
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [900928] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
- NASA [NNX08AD76G, 103014, NNX08AX53G, 92873] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.
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