SPATIAL CORRELATIONS IN THE HELIUM-IONIZING BACKGROUND

After quasars ionize intergalactic He II at z similar to 3, a large radiation field builds up above the He ii ionization edge. Unlike the background responsible for H I ionizations, this field should be highly variable, thanks to the scarcity of bright quasars and the relatively short attenuation lengths (similar to 50 Mpc) of these high-energy photons. Recent observations of the He II and HI Ly alpha forests show that this background does indeed vary strongly, with substantial fluctuations on scales as small as similar to 2 Mpc. Here, we show that such spatial fluctuation scales are naturally expected in any model in which the sources are as rare as bright quasars, so long as the attenuation length is relatively small. The correlation length itself is comparable to the attenuation length (greater than or similar to 30 Mpc) for the most plausible physical scenarios, but we find order-of-magnitude fluctuations on all scales smaller than similar to 6 Mpc. Moreover, aliasing along the one-dimensional skewers probed by the He II and H I Ly alpha forests exaggerates these variations, so that order-of-magnitude fluctuations should be observed on all scales smaller than similar to 20 Mpc. Complex radiative transfer is therefore not required to explain the observed fluctuations, at least at the level of current data.