Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats

We investigated the effects of dietary oligofructose and Ca on bone structure in ovariectomized rats, using microradiography and histomorphometry. Ninety-six animals were allocated to seven experimental groups: G1, sham-operated; G2-G7, ovariectomized. Semi-purified diets containing 5 g Ca/kg (recommended content) without oligofructose (G1, G2) or with 25, 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg (G3, G4, G5) or 10 g Ca/kg (high content) without oligofructose (G6) or with 50 g oligofructose/kg (G7) were fed for 16 weeks. At the recommended level of Ca, high oligofructose (G5) increased femur mineral levels in ovariectomized rats, while medium oligofructose did so at high Ca. Increasing Ca in the absence of oligofructose did not increase femur mineral content. Trabecular bone area (%) analysed in the tibia was 10.3 (sem 1.2) (G1), 7.7 (sem 0.6) (G2), 9.3 (sem 0.7) (G3), 9.4 (sem 1.0) (G4), 9.5 (sem 0.7) (G5), 10.2 (sem 0.8) (G6), and 12.6 (sem 0.8) (G7). At the recommended level of Ca, 25 g oligofructose/kg prevented loss of trabecular area due to increased trabecular thickness, while 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg increased trabecular perimeter. At high Ca, oligofructose prevented loss of bone area due to increased trabecular number but similar thickness (G7 v. G6). When Ca was raised in the presence of oligofructose (G7), trabecular area and cortical thickness were highest, while loss of trabecular connectivity was lowest of all groups. At the same time, lumbar vertebra Ca was higher; 44.0 (sem 0.8) (G7) compared with 41.6 (sem 0.8) (G2), 41.4 (sem 0.7) (G4), and 40.5 (sem 1.0) mg (G6). We conclude that ovariectomy-induced loss of bone structure in the tibia was prevented but with different trabecular architecture, depending on whether dietary Ca was increased, oligofructose was incorporated, or both. Oligofructose was most effective when dietary Ca was high.