Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 685, Issue 2, Pages 1193-1209Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1086/591013
Keywords
accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; solar system : formation
Categories
Funding
- NASA GSRP fellowship
- University of Zurich
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- NASA [NNG05GN11G, NNX08AK36G]
- IU Astronomy Department IT facilities
- NASA [100052, NNX08AK36G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Using analytic arguments and numerical simulations, we examine whether chondrule formation and the FU Orionis phenomenon can be caused by the burstlike onset of gravitational instabilities (GIs) in dead zones. At least two scenarios for bursting dead zones can work, in principle. If the disk is on the verge of fragmentation, GI activation near r similar to 4-5 AU can produce chondrule-forming shocks, at least under extreme conditions. Mass fluxes are also high enough during the onset of GIs to suggest that the outburst is related to an FU Orionis phenomenon. This situation is demonstrated by numerical simulations. In contrast, as supported by analytic arguments, if the burst takes place close to r similar to 1 AU, then even low pitch angle spiral waves can create chondrule-producing shocks and outbursts. We also study the stability of the massive disks in our simulations against fragmentation and find that although disk evolution is sensitive to changes in opacity, the disks we study do not fragment, even at high resolution and even for extreme assumptions.
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