Galaxy groups in the SDSS DR4. II. Halo occupation statistics

We investigate various galaxy occupation statistics of dark matter halos using a large galaxy group catalog constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 (SDSS DR4) with an adaptive halo-based group finder. The conditional luminosity function (CLF) is measured separately for all, red, and blue galaxies, as well as in terms of central and satellite galaxies. The CLFs for central and satellite galaxies can be well modeled with a lognormal distribution and a modified Schechter form, respectively. About 85% of the central galaxies and about 80% of the satellite galaxies in halos with masses MH greater than or similar to 10(14) h(-1) M center dot are red galaxies. These numbers decrease to 50% and 40%, respectively, in halos with M-h similar to 10(12) h(-1) M center dot . For halos of a given mass, the distribution of the luminosities of central galaxies, L-c, has a dispersion of about 0.15 dex. The mean luminosity ( stellar mass) of the central galaxies scales with halo mass as L-c proportional to M-h(0.17) (M(*,)c proportional to M-h(0.22)) for halos with masses M >> 10(12.5) h(-1) M center dot, and both relations are significantly steeper for less massive halos. We also measure the luminosity and stellar mass gaps between the first and second brightest ( most massive) member galaxies, log L-1 - log L-2 ( log M-*,M-1 - log M-*,M-2). These gap statistics, especially in halos with M-h greater than or similar to 10(14) h(-1) M center dot, indicate that the luminosities of central galaxies are clearly distinct from those of their satellites. The fraction of fossil groups, defined as those groups with log L-1 - log L-2 >= 0.8, ranges from similar to 2.5% for groups with M-h similar to 10(14) h(-1) M center dot to 18% - 60% for groups with M-h similar to 10(13) h(-1) M center dot. Finally, we measure the fraction of satellites, which changes from similar to 5.0% for galaxies with M-0.1(r) - 5log h similar to -22.0 to similar to 40% for galaxies with M-0.1(r) - 5 log h similar to -17.0.