Journal
TETRAHEDRON
Volume 58, Issue 41, Pages 8179-8188Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00966-3
Keywords
hafnium(IV); zirconium(IV); direct ester condensation; esterification; chemoselective; catalysts; dehydration
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
To promote atom efficiency in synthesis and to avoid the generation of environmental waste, the use of stoichiometric amounts of condensing reagents or excess substrates should be avoided. In esterification, excess amounts of either carboxylic acids or alcohols are normally needed. We found that the direct condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved using hafnium(IV) or zirconium(IV) salts. These metal salts are highly effective as catalysts for the selective esterification of primary alcohols with carboxylic acids in the presence of secondary alcohols or aromatic alcohols. The present methods can be applied to direct polyesterification and may be suitable for large-scale operations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available