Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 186, Issue 8, Pages 1173-1176Publisher
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/343805
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Funding
- FIC NIH HHS [T22 TW000001, T22 TW 00001] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757-12, P30 AI027757] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [K23 HD 41879, R01 HD 23412, K23 HD041879, R01 HD023412, R01 HD023412-19] Funding Source: Medline
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Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a protein found in saliva, breast milk, and genital secretions, is capable of inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether SLPI in infant saliva provides protection against mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. In total, 602 saliva specimens were collected from 188 infants at birth and at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Infants' median salivary SLPI concentrations were higher at birth than at 6 months (341 vs. 219 ng/mL; P = .001). There was no association between SLPI concentration and HIV-1 transmission overall. However, among 122 breast-fed infants who were HIV-1 uninfected at 1 month, higher salivary SLPI levels were associated with a decreased risk of HIV-1 transmission through breast milk (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P = .03). These results suggest that SLPI plays an important role in reducing HIV-1 transmission through breast milk.
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