Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 3, Issue 11, Pages 826-835Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrm949
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Clamp loaders are required to load the ring-shaped clamps that tether replicative DNA polymerases onto DNA. Recently solved crystal structures, along with a series of biochemical studies, have provided a detailed understanding of the clamp loading reaction. In particular, studies of the Escherichia coli clamp loader - an AAA+ machine - have provided insights into the architecture of clamp loaders from eukaryotes, bacteriophage T4 and archaea. Other AAA+ proteins are also involved in the initiation of DNA replication, and studies of the E. coli clamp loader indicate mechanisms by which these proteins might function.
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