Wide-rim and outer-face functionalizations of calix[4]arene

This review article focuses on calix[4]arene compounds in their cone conformation which exhibit organic functional groups, particularly those which are either potential soft or hard donors and halides, or organometallic-containing fragments, either at the win-rim or outer-face. This survey is presented from a structural point of view, and also includes systems involving loops and covalently bonded dimers. The attachment of various groups at these two types of sites occur mainly with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, bromine, iodine, and metal atoms. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.