Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 11, Pages 549-555Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1471-4906(02)02302-5
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Mononuclear phagocytes are versatile cells that can express different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals. Fully polarized M1 and M2 (or alternatively activated) macrophages are the extremes of a continuum of functional states. Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are driven by tumor-derived and T cell-derived cytokines to acquire a polarized M2 phenotype. These functionally polarized cells, and similarly oriented or immature dendritic cells present in tumors, have a key role in subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor growth and progression.
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