Journal
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF PAIN
Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages S119-S124Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-200211001-00002
Keywords
acetylcholine release; botulinum toxin; dystonia; neurotoxin; pain; type A; type B
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The seven botulinum neurotoxin serotypes share less than 50% sequence homology and are immunologically distinct. The neurotoxins inhibit release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine front the axon terminals of motor neurons, preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, and postganglionic parasympathetic nerves by a multi-step mechanism that differs slightly, but significantly, for each serotype. The inhibition is long lasting but temporary. The resulting muscle paralysis has provided the basis for therapeutic use of botulinum toxin types A and Bin a variety of focal dystonias. The safety of the botulinum toxins, when administered focally, has permitted their widespread use in a number of other painful conditions.
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