Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 185, Issue 1, Pages 31-37Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00239-2
Keywords
MDA-MB-435; microdialysis; flaxseed; metastasis; vascular endothelial growth factor; angiogenesis
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Angiogenesis is important in tumor growth, progression and metastatic dissemination. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one key factor in promotion of breast cancer angiogenesis. VEGFs are bioactive in the extracellular space where they become available to the endothelial cells. Phytoestrogens such as lignans have been shown to alter breast cancer incidence and be cancer-protective in rats. We show that supplementation of 10% flaxseed, the richest source of mammalian lignans, to nude mice with established human breast tumors reduced tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, flaxseed decreased extracellular levels of VEGF, which may be one mechanistic explanation to the decreased tumor growth and metastasis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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