Intraspecific variation of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) species complex

The goal of this study was to define whether cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs) could be used for taxonomic determination of putative species hidden in the Anastrepha fraterculus cryptic species complex, widespread from Argentina to Mexico. Recently, increasing evidence of phenotypic and genetic variability has resulted in the characterization of eight morphotypes within this complex. The CH profiles of six A.fraterculus populations from Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Mexico were analysed in this study by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In parallel, multiple factorial analyses were used to elucidate population structures. Vector populations segregated into four distinct groups. The analysis demonstrated that the studied populations from Peru, Argentina and southern Brazil (Vacaria) might be classified in accordance with the earlier division of the A.fraterculus complex into Peruvian, and Brazilian-1 cryptic species, using the specific CH profiles. Population from south-eastern Brazil (Piracicaba) formed separated group. Mexican and Andean (Colombian) putative species had similar CH signatures, when compared to each other.