Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 535, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117810
Keywords
neutrinos; supernovae: general; instrumention: detectors
Categories
Funding
- US National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs
- US National Science Foundation-Physics Division
- University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW) grid infrastructure at the University of Wisconsin - Madison
- Open Science Grid (OSG) grid infrastructure
- US Department of Energy
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI)
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Research Department of Plasmas
- Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [757155] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J000507/1, PP/C506205/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [PP/C506205/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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This paper describes the response of the IceCube neutrino telescope located at the geographic south pole to outbursts of MeV neutrinos from the core collapse of nearby massive stars. IceCube was completed in December 2010 forming a lattice of 5160 photomultiplier tubes that monitor a volume of similar to 1 km(3) in the deep Antarctic ice for particle induced photons. The telescope was designed to detect neutrinos with energies greater than 100 GeV. Owing to subfreezing ice temperatures, the photomultiplier dark noise rates are particularly low. Hence IceCube can also detect large numbers of MeV neutrinos by observing a collective rise in all photomultiplier rates on top of the dark noise. With 2 ms timing resolution, IceCube can detect subtle features in the temporal development of the supernova neutrino burst. For a supernova at the galactic center, its sensitivity matches that of a background-free megaton-scale supernova search experiment. The sensitivity decreases to 20 standard deviations at the galactic edge (30 kpc) and 6 standard deviations at the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc). IceCube is sending triggers from potential supernovae to the Supernova Early Warning System. The sensitivity to neutrino properties such as the neutrino hierarchy is discussed, as well as the possibility to detect the neutronization burst, a short outbreak of nu(e)'s released by electron capture on protons soon after collapse. Tantalizing signatures, such as the formation of a quark star or a black hole as well as the characteristics of shock waves, are investigated to illustrate IceCube's capability for supernova detection.
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