Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 536, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116466
Keywords
galaxies: active; BL Lacertae objects: general; quasars: general; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Categories
Funding
- ESA
- CNES
- CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France)
- ASI
- CNR
- INAF (Italy)
- NASA
- DoE (USA)
- STFC
- UKSA (UK)
- CSIC
- MICINN
- JA (Spain)
- Tekes
- AoF
- CSC (Finland)
- DLR
- MPG (Germany)
- CSA (Canada)
- DTU Space (Denmark)
- SER/SSO (Switzerland)
- RCN (Norway)
- SFI (Ireland)
- FCT/MCTES (Portugal)
- DEISA (EU)
- Academy of Finland [212656, 210338, 121148, 127740, 122352]
- NSF
- University of Michigan
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [10633020, 10778714, 11073032]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2007CB815403]
- Commonwealth of Australia
- Department of Energy in the United States
- Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules in France
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Japan
- K. A. Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish National Space Board in Sweden
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I005765/1, ST/H00243X/1, ST/G002916/1, ST/G00269X/1, ST/F010885/1, ST/G001901/1, ST/F01239X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- UK Space Agency [ST/G003874/1, ST/F012373/1, ST/H001212/1, ST/H00002X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [122352, 122352] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and radio continuum spectra are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, based on the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and simultaneous multifrequency data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous observations ranging from radio to gamma-rays. This is the first extensive frequency coverage in the radio and millimetre domains for an essentially complete sample of extragalactic radio sources, and it shows how the individual shocks, each in their own phase of development, shape the radio spectra as they move in the relativistic jet. The SEDs presented in this paper were fitted with second and third degree polynomials to estimate the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) peaks, and the spectral indices of low and high frequency radio data, including the Planck ERCSC data, were calculated. SED modelling methods are discussed, with an emphasis on proper, physical modelling of the synchrotron bump using multiple components. Planck ERCSC data also suggest that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum could be much harder than commonly thought, with power-law index around 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The implications of this are discussed for the acceleration mechanisms effective in blazar shocks. Furthermore in many cases the Planck data indicate that gamma-ray emission must originate in the same shocks that produce the radio emission.
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