Journal
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
Volume 43, Issue 12, Pages 2037-2041Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.C200014-JLR200
Keywords
macrophages; foam cells; hepatocytes; phospholipid transfer protein; liver X receptor; retinoid X receptor
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Affymetrix microarray data and Northern blot assays demonstrated that phospholipid tran fer protein (PLTP) was induced 6-fold when either murine or human macrophages were incubated in the presence of ligands for the liver X receptor (LXR) and the retinoid X receptor. Two functional LXR response elements (LXREs) were identified and characterized in the proximal promoter of the human PLTP gene. One LXRE corresponds to a traditional direct repeat separated by 4 bp. However, the second LXRE is novel in that it corresponds to an inverted repeat separated by 1 bp, and is identical to the farnesoid X receptor response element. These studies demonstrate that PLTP is a direct target for activated LXR and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). In addition, apolipoprotein E (apoE), a known LXR target gene in macrophages, was shown to be activated in liver cells by FXR ligands. Taken together, the current data suggest that a small number of genes that currently include PLTP, apoE, and apoC-II, are induced in macrophages by activated LXR and in liver by activated FXR.
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