Adaptor protein Crk is required for ephrin-B1-induced membrane ruffling and focal complex assembly of human aortic endothelial cells

Endothelial cell migration is an essential step in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, in which receptor tyrosine kinases play a pivotal role. We investigated the mechanism by which ephrin-B1 promotes membrane ruffling in human aortic endothelial cells, because membrane ruffling heralds cell body migration. We especially focused on the role of Crk adaptor protein in EphB-mediated signaling. Using DsRed-tagged Crk and a fluorescent time-lapse microscope, we showed that Crk was recruited to the nascent focal complex after ephrin-B1 stimulation. Furthermore, we found that p130(Cas),, but not paxillin, recruited Crk to the nascent focal complex. The necessity of Crk in ephrin-B1-induced membrane ruffling was shown both by the overexpression of dominant negative Crk mutants and by the depletion of Crk by using RNA interference. Then, we examined the role of two major downstream molecules of Crk, Rac1 and Rap1. The dominant negative mutant of Rac1 completely inhibited ephrin-B1-induced membrane ruffling and focal complex assembly. In contrast, rap1GAPII, a negative regulator of Rap1, did not inhibit ephrin-B1-induced membrane ruffling. However, in rap1GAPII-expressing cells, ephrin-B1 did not induce membrane spreading, probably due to instability of the focal complex. These results indicated that Crk plays a critical role in Rac1-induced membrane ruffling and Rap1-mediated nascent focal complex stabilization contributing to ephrin-B1-induced human aortic endothelial cells migration.