Journal
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 471-477Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1050-6411(02)00041-X
Keywords
active force; passive force; sarcomeres; stability; force-length relation; titin
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When skeletal muscle is stretched during a tetanic contraction, the resulting force is greater than the purely isometric force obtained at the corresponding final length. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, but the most accepted mechanism is the sarcomere length non-uniformity theory. This theory is associated with the notion of instability of sarcomeres on the descending limb of the force-length relationship. However, recent evidence suggests that this theory cannot account solely for the stretch-induced force enhancement. Some of this evidence is presented in this paper, and a new mechanism for force enhancement is proposed: one that is associated with the engagement of a passive force during stretch. We speculate that this passive force enhancement may be caused by titin, a protein associated with passive force production at long sarcomere lengths. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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