Oligomerization, F-actin interaction, and membrane association of the ubiquitous mammalian coronin 3 are mediated by its carboxyl terminus

Coronin 3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the coronin protein family in mammals. In fibroblasts and HEK 293 cells, it is localized both in the cytosol and in the submembranous cytoskeleton, especially at lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. The carboxyl terminus of all coronins contains a coiled coil suggested to mediate dimerization. We show here that in contrast to other coronin homologues, the recombinant human coronin 3 carboxyl terminus forms oligomers rather than dimers, and that this part is sufficient to bind to and cross-link F-actin in vitro. The carboxyl terminus alone also conferred membrane association in vivo, and removal of the coiled coil abolished membrane localization but not in vitro F-actin binding. Coronin 3 is exclusively extracted as an oligomer from both the cytosol and the membrane fraction. Because oligomerization was not reported for other coronins, it might be a key feature governing coronin 3-specific functions. Cytosolic coronin 3 showed a high degree of phosphorylation, which is likely to regulate the subcellular localization of the protein.