Characterization of the two coactivator-interacting surfaces of the androgen receptor and their relative role in transcriptional control

The androgen receptor interacts with the p160 coactivators via two surfaces, one in the ligand binding domain and one in the amino-terminal domain. The ligand binding domain interacts with the nuclear receptor signature motifs, whereas the amino-terminal domain has a high affinity for a specific glutamine-rich region in the p160s. We here describe the implication of two conserved motifs in the latter interaction. The amino-terminal domain of the androgen receptor is a very strong activation domain constituent of Tau5, which is mainly active in the absence of the ligand binding domain, and Tau1, which is only active in the presence of the ligand binding domain. Both domains are, however, implicated in the recruitment of the p160s. Mutation analysis of the p160s has shown that the relative contribution of the two recruitment mechanisms via the signature motifs or via the glutamine-rich region depend on the nature of the enhancers tested. We propose, therefore, that the androgen receptor-coactivator complex has several alternative conformations, depending partially on the context of the enhancer.