Synthesis of novel bis(β-cyclodextrin)s and metallobridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)s with 2,2′-diselenobis(benzoyl) tethers and their molecular multiple recognition with model substrates

To investigate quantitatively the cooperative binding ability of beta-cyclodextrin dimers, a series of bridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s with 2,2'-diselenobis(benzoyl) spacer connected by different lengths of oligo(ethylenediamine)s (2-5) and their platinum(IV) complexes (6-9) have been synthesized and their inclusion complexation behavior with selected substrates, such as Acridine Red, Neutral Red, Brilliant Green, Rhodamine B, ammonium 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate, and 6-p-toluidino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, were investigated by means of ultraviolet, fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime, circular dichroism, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The spectral titrations have been performed in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.20) at 25 degreesC to give the complex stability constants (K-S) and Gibbs free energy changes (-DeltaGdegrees) for the inclusion complexation of hosts 2-9 with organic dyes and other thermodynamic parameters (DeltaHdegrees and TDeltaSdegrees) for the inclusion complexation of 2-5 with fluorescent dyes ANS and TNS. The results obtained indicate that beta-cyclodextrin dimers 2-5 can coordinate with one or two platinum(IV) ions to form 1:1 or 1:2 stoichiometry metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s. As compared with parent beta-cyclodextrin (1) and bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s 2-5, metallobridged bis(beta-cyclodextrin)s 6-9 can further switch the original molecular binding ability through the coordinating metal to orientate two beta-cyclodextrin cavities and an additional binding site upon the inclusion complexation with model substrates, giving the enhanced binding constants K-S for both ANS and TNS. The tether length between two cyclodextrin units plays a crucial role in the molecular recognition with guest dyes. The binding constants for TNS decrease linearly with an increase in the tether length of dimeric beta-cyclodextrins. The Gibbs free energy change (-DeltaGdegrees) for the unit increment per ethylene is 0.32 kJ(.)mol(-1) for TNS. Thermodynamically, the higher complex stabilities of both ANS and TNS upon the inclusion complexation with 2-5 are mainly contributed to the favorable enthalpic gain (-DeltaHdegrees) by the cooperative binding of one guest molecule in the closely located two beta-cyclodextrin cavities as compared with parent beta-cyclodextrin. The molecular binding ability and selectivity of organic dyes by hosts 1-9 are discussed from the viewpoints of the multiple recognition mechanism and the size/shape-fitting relationship between host and guest.