Re-interpretation of the existence of a primitive plume under Australia based on neon isotope fractionation during step heating

The origin of the volcanism in south-eastern Australia is poorly understood. Matsumoto and collaborators found near solar neon isotope values in measurements obtained by step heating apatites in ultramafic xenoliths from Bullenmerri (SE Australia), and proposed that these values result from the presence of a primitive plume. However, the results of simple diffusion models indicate that the neon isotopic signature observed by Matsumoto et al . can be generated by mass fractionation during step heating. If such mass fractionation does occur during step heating, then neither neon nor helium isotopes require the presence of primitive mantle, and the rare gas observations are consistent with the involvement of MORB-source mantle in the generation of south-eastern Australian volcanics. These results show that both the acquisition and the interpretation of step heating data should be carefully controlled and that a mineral crushing technique may yield more reliable analyses.