Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 52-58Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00011-0
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The genes for type IIFNs(IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) are rapidly induced in response to viral infection. IFN regulatory factor (IRF) proteins are key to the regulation of IFN gene expression; the early response to virus results in secretion of a subset of IFN genes through the action of IRF3 in conjunction with additional transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and AP-1 (c-jun-ATF2). This early IFN acts in an autocrine manner to stimulate the production of IRF7, a transcription factor capable of activating the many additional members of the IFN-alpha gene family. The dependence of IRF7 on virus-induced phosphorylation for its activity ensures that IFN production is limited to virus-infected cells. Additional members of the IRF family may provide additional levels of control, in both a cell-type and virus-specific manner, particularly in dendritic cells that serve as major producers of IFN and a key interface between innate and adaptive immunity.
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