Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 82, Issue 2, Pages 53-73Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00302
Keywords
signal transduction; immunity; cancer; apoptosis; adhesion; protease; biocomplexity
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CD26/DPPIV can be considered a moonlighting protein because it is a multifunctional protein that exerts its different functions depending on cell type and intra- or extracellular conditions in which it is expressed. In the present review, we summarize all its known functions in relation to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The protein is a proteollytic enzyme, receptor, costimullatory protein, and is involved in adhesion and apoptosis. The CD26/DPPIV protein plays a major role in immune response. Abnormal expression is found in the case of autoimmune diseases, HIV-related diseases and cancer. Natural substrates for CD26/DPPIV are involved in immunomodulation, psychotneuronal modulation and physiological processes in general. Therefore, targeting of CD26/DPPIV and especially its proteolytic activity has many therapeutic potentials. On the other hand, there are homologous proteins with overlapping proteollytic activity, which thus may prevent specific modulation of CD26/DPPIV. In conclusion, CD26/DPPIV is a protein present both in various cellular compartments and extracellularly where it exerts different functions and thus is a true moonlighting protein.
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