Journal
GENOMICS
Volume 81, Issue 2, Pages 149-156Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00027-7
Keywords
human-specific integration; retrovirus; HERV-K (HML-2); LTR; subfamily; consensus sequence; genes
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Using 40 known human-specific LTR sequences, we have derived a consensus sequence for an evolutionary young HERV-K (HML-2) LTR family, which was named the HS family. In the human genome the HS family is represented by similar to150-160 LTR sequences, 90% of them being human-specific (hs). The family can be subdivided into two subfamilies differing in five linked nucleotide substitutions: HS-a and HS-b of 5.8 and 10.3 Myr evolutionary ages, respectively. The HS-b subfamily members were transpositionally active both before the divergence of the human and chimpanzee ancestor lineages and after it in both lineages. The HS-a subfamily comprises only hs LTRs. These and other data strongly suggest that at least three master genes of HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs were active in the human ancestor lineage after the human-chimpanzee divergence. We also found Its HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs integrations in introns of 12 human genes and identified 13 new hs HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
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