Journal
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Volume 70, Issue 5, Pages 1434-1442Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku567
Keywords
polymyxin; combination therapy; P. aeruginosa; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics
Funding
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI079330, R01AI111990]
- Australian Research Council [DE120103084]
- American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [1062509]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1062509] Funding Source: NHMRC
- Australian Research Council [DE120103084] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Objectives: Colistin is an 'old' drug, which is being increasingly utilized due to limited therapeutic options. However, resistance emergence during monotherapy is concerning. Here, our objective was to optimize colistin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by profiling the time course of synergistic killing and prevention of resistance. Methods: Hollow-fibre infection models over 10 days simulated clinically relevant dosage regimens of colistin and doripenem against two heteroresistant P. aeruginosa strains (MIC 1 mg/L) and one resistant (MIC 128 mg/L) strain (inoculum 10(9.3) cfu/mL). New mathematical mechanism-based models (MBMs) were developed using S-ADAPT. Results: Against heteroresistant P. aeruginosa strains, colistin monotherapy resulted in initial killing (up to 2.64 log(10) cfu/mL) within 24 h followed by regrowth. High-intensity combinations involving free steady-state colistin concentrations of 5 mg/L achieved complete eradication (>9.3 log(10) killing) within 48 h. These combinations achieved synergy with up to 9.38 log(10) greater killing compared with the most active monotherapy. Against the colistin-resistant strain, the combination yielded marked initial synergy with up to 6.11 log(10) cfu/mL bacterial reductions within 72 h followed by regrowth. The MBMs quantified total and resistant subpopulations and the proposed synergy between colistin and doripenem. Conclusions: Our findings provide insight into optimal antibiotic treatment and may serve as a framework for new drug combinations and combination modelling.
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