Flow past a rotating cylinder

Flow past a spinning circular cylinder placed in a uniform stream is investigated via two-dimensional computations. A stabilized finite element method is utilized to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the primitive variables formulation. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and free-stream speed of the flow is 200. The non-dimensional rotation rate, a (ratio of the surface speed and free-stream speed), is varied between 0 and 5. The time integration of the flow equations is carried out for very large dimensionless time. Vortex shedding is observed for alpha < 1.91. For higher rotation rates the flow achieves a steady state except for 4.34 < alpha < 4.70 where the flow is unstable again. In the second region of instability, only one-sided vortex shedding takes place. To ascertain the instability of flow as a function of a a stabilized finite element formulation is proposed to carry out a global, non-parallel stability analysis of the two-dimensional steady-state flow for small disturbances. The formulation and its implementation are validated by predicting the Hopf bifurcation for flow past a non-rotating cylinder. The results from the stability analysis for the rotating cylinder are in very good agreement with those from direct numerical simulations. For large rotation rates, very large lift coefficients can be obtained via the Magnus effect. However, the power requirement for rotating the cylinder increases rapidly with rotation rate.