Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 100, Issue 4, Pages 1661-1666Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0434325100
Keywords
programmed; cell death; epsilon protein; zeta protein; toxin inactivation; phosphotransferase
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Programmed cell death in prokaryotes is frequently found as postsegregational killing. It relies on antitoxin/toxin systems that secure stable inheritance of low and medium copy number plasmids during cell division and kill cells that have lost the plasmid. The broad-host-range, low-copy-number plasmid pSM19035 from Streptococcus pyogenes carries the genes encoding the antitoxin/toxin system epsilon/zeta and antibiotic resistance proteins, among others. The crystal structure of the biologically nontoxic epsilon(2)zeta(2) protein complex at a 1.95-Angstrom resolution and site-directed mutagenesis showed that free zeta acts as phosphotransferase by using ATP/GTP. In epsilon(2)zeta(2), the toxin zeta is inactivated because the N-terminal helix of the antitoxin epsilon blocks the ATP/GTP-binding site. To our knowledge, this is the first prokaryotic postsegregational killing system that has been entirely structurally characterized.
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