Involvement of FoxM1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Recurrence

Background: Predictive biomarkers for lung cancer recurrence after curative tumor resection remain unclear. This study set out to assess the role of FoxM1 in the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for FoxM1 expression was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 165 NSCLC patients. Association of FoxM1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and disease free survival were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated FoxM1 expression to be significantly associated with poorer tissue differentiation (P = 0.03), higher TNM stage (P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), advanced tumor stage (P < 0.01), and poorer disease free survival (P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that FoxM1 expression increased the hazard of recurrence (hazard ratio=1.96, 95% CI, 1.04-3.17, P < 0.05), indicating that FoxM1 is an independent and significant predictor of lung cancer recurrence. Conclusion: Therefore, FoxM1 is an independent risk factor for recurrence of NSCLC. Elevated FoxM1 expression could be used as an indicator of poor disease free survival.