Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 284, Issue 3, Pages R698-R706Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00570.2002
Keywords
systemic inflammation; multispecific organic anion transporter; prostaglandin transporter; 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; carbonyl reductase
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Funding
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS-41233] Funding Source: Medline
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Prostaglandin (PG) E-2 is a principal downstream mediator of fever and other symptoms of systemic inflammation. Its inactivation occurs in peripheral tissues, primarily the lungs and liver, via carrier-mediated cellular uptake and enzymatic oxidation. We hypothesized that inactivation of PGE(2) is suppressed during LPS fever and that transcriptional downregulation of PGE(2) carriers and catabolizing enzymes contributes to this suppression. Fever was induced in inbred Wistar-Kyoto rats by intravenous LPS (50 mug/kg); the controls received saline. Samples of the liver, lungs, and hypothalamus were harvested 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 5 h postinjection. The expression of the two principal transmembrane PGE(2) carriers (PG transporter and multispecific organic anion transporter) and the two key PGE(2)-inactivating enzymes [15-hydroxy-PG dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and carbonyl reductase] was quantified by RT-PCR. All four genes of interest were downregulated in peripheral tissues (but not the brain) during fever. Most remarkably, the expression of hepatic 15-PGDH was decreased 26-fold 5 h post-LPS, whereas expression of pulmonary 15-PGDH was downregulated (as much as 18-fold) throughout the entire febrile course. The transcriptional downregulation of several proteins involved in PGE(2) inactivation, first reported here, is an unrecognized mechanism of systemic inflammation. By increasing the bloodbrain gradient of PGE(2), this mechanism likely facilitates penetration of PGE(2) into the brain and prevents its elimination from the brain.
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