Immunomodulation of invasive fungal infections

Genetic and acquired determinants increase the risk for invasive fungal infections. Modulation of host defenses by use mainly of hematopoietic growth factors and interferon-gamma has been supported by extensive in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Limited clinical data suggest the use of a hematopoietic growth factor for prevention of fungal infections only in patients with very high risk for developing fungal infections. Hematopoietic growth factors, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-elicited granulocyte transfusions may be indicated in the management of refractory invasive fungal infections.