Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 46, Issue 7, Pages 1257-1265Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jm020465v
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- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58448] Funding Source: Medline
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To locate general anesthetic binding sites on ligand-gated ion channels, a diazirine derivative of the potent intravenous anesthetic, R-(+)-etomidate (2-ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), has been synthesized and characterized. R-(+)-Azietomidate [2-(3-methyl-3H-diaziren-3-yl)ethyl 1-(l-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate] anesthetizes tadpoles with an EC50 of 2.2 muM, identical to that of R-(+)-etomidate. At this concentration both agents equally enhanced GABA-induced currents and decreased binding of the caged-convulsant [S-35]TBPS to GABA(A) receptors. In all of the above actions R-(+)-azietomidate is about an order of magnitude more potent than S-(-)-azietomidate, an enantioselectivity comparable to etomidate's. R-(+)-Azietomidate also inhibits acetylcholine-induced currents in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with about twice the potency of the parent compound. [H-3]Azietomidate photoincorporated into Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes. Desensitization decreased photoincorporation into the delta-subunit and increased that into the alpha-subunit. The latter increase was confined to a proteolytic fragment containing the first three transmembrane segments. Thus, R-(+)-azietomidate is a potent stereoselective general anesthetic and an effective photolabel.
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