Role of deformation twinning on strain hardening in cubic and hexagonal polycrystalline metals

Three effects define deformation-twinning based metal strengthening: reduction of the free slip distance (Hall-Petch effect), transformation of glissile to sessile dislocations (Basinski mechanism), and, additionally, textural softening due to reorientation of the material to a favourable orientation for slip. The relative contributions of these mechanisms govern the hardening process and provide a basis for its prediction in alloy design.