Asthma exacerbations in children associated with rhinovirus but not human metapneumovirus infection

Children with asthma were studied during the Southern hemisphere winter and summer of 2001-2002. Human rhinovirus (hRV) was significantly associated (P = .0001) with asthma exacerbations in winter and spring/summer, but not in intervening asymptomatic periods. Although hRV was also found in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) who underwent sampling at the same time, it was present in significantly higher numbers of children with symptomatic asthma (P < .0001). Human metapneumovirus was also found in small numbers of children with URTI, but significantly less frequently in children with asthma.