Journal
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages 63-72Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00321-2
Keywords
ultrasonic vocalization; anxiety; fear; inhibition of fear; anxiolytic drugs; anxiogenic drugs; rat
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Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) was found useful for differentiating fear and anxiety in rats. These affective states were established through a Pavlovian conditioning procedure. Danger stimulus, preceding unavoidable tail shock, elicited acute fear. Intertrial situational cues evoked anxiety. A safety signal (SS) indicating the omission of shock inhibited fear. Sustained 22-kHz USV characterized anxiety and was present between trials. A signal of danger resulted in immediate inhibition of vocalization, while a SS reversed this effect. These results are discussed in the context of three theories: Pavlovian, Bollesian and Konorskian. The anxiolytic drugs diazepam and buspirone (1 and 5 mg/kg) suppressed vocalization in the intertrial and SS periods. The reaction to the signal of danger remained complete inhibition of USV. Anxiogenic pentyletetrazole (1 and 5 mg/kg) enhanced intertrial vocalization, but did not affect its reoccurrence during the SS. Anxiogenic FG7142 (5 mg/kg) did not affect intertrial vocalization, but blocked its reappearance on the SS. It is suggested that the behavioral target of both anxiogenic drugs is different-pentyletetrazole supposedly exerts its anxiogenic effect by increasing situational anxiety, whereas FG7142 suppresses inhibition of fear. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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