A new ratiometric fluorescence probe as strong sensor of surface charge of lipid vesicles and micelles

We report on the ability of a new fluorescent probe, 4-(2-pyren-1-yl-vinyl) pyridine, 1, to respond to micelles and phospholipid vesicles of different surface charge. The probe gets incorporated into micellar and membranous assemblies and shows a large red-shift in the fluorescence emission maxima especially when the surface charge of the organized media is anionic. The effect on the photo-excitation of the probe is very clear and pronounced as it can be easily visualized. The sample color upon photo-excitation changes from blue to orange/red once the probe experiences negatively charged vesicular or micellar surfaces. These results make the probe molecule useful as a reporter for sensing electrostatic environment in biological membranes and related organized assemblies. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.