Journal
RATIONALITY AND SOCIETY
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 155-187Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1043463103015002001
Keywords
altruism; conditional cooperation; conditional punishment; cultural dynamics; cultural evolution; strong reciprocity
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Homo sapiens is the only species in which we observe extensive cooperation among large numbers of genetically unrelated individuals. Incompatible approaches to explaining cooperation among humans have been offered by sociologists, biologists, and economists. None is wholly successful. Each discipline, moreover, has ignored basic insights of the others. This article explains cooperation by combining central contributions of these disciplines, developing a model of cultural evolution in which we use (a) the sociological concept of the internalization of norms to explain cultural transmission; (b) the biological concepts of vertical and oblique transmission to model the interaction of cultural and biological adaptation; and (c) the economic concepts of rational action and the replicator dynamic to model the interaction between self-interested and altruistic behavior. The article closes with a bioeconomic explanation of the human capacity to internalize norms.
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